Synthesis of Different Manganese Oxides Using SO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Gas Mixtures at Different Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the kinetics and required operation conditions for the formation of various manganese oxides using the SO 2 /O 2 gas mixture as the oxidant agent. This promising approach presents some obvious economical advantages over traditional pyrometallurgical routes. Experimental evidence demonstrate that increasing the temperature of the reaction allows modifying the oxidation potential, thus facilitating the oxidation product synthesis. However, at 25 °C by varying the SO 2 /O 2 ratio and the gas mixture flow rate, it was not possible to modify this potential. It was also observed that manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) is formed between 20 and 50 °C (activation energy ( E a ) = 14.33 kJ/mol), oxy-hydroxide of manganese (MnO·OH) is obtained between 55 and 65 °C ( E a = 25.14 kJ/mol), and manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) is produced between 70 and 90 °C ( E a = 12.44 kJ/mol). The magnitude of these activation energy values is characteristic of processes controlled by the diffusion of the gaseous reagents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".