Coarse particle support in turbulent flow of visco-plastic carrier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper deals with a flow behaviour of mixture composed of coarse glass-bead particles and non-Newtonian carrying liquid of Herschel-Bulkley type in a pressurized pipe. Essentially, there are two mechanisms governing support of particles in the flowing carrier: mutual inter-particle collisions and interaction of particles with carrier turbulent eddies. The turbulent support is quantified by a turbulent-diffusion model, which predicts a distribution of concentration of particles in the flow. In the model, the particle turbulent diffusivity is an important parameter dependent on a number of flow quantities, e.g. the carrier rheological parameters. In case of Newtonian carrier, the viscosity is the only rheological parameter and it is constant throughout the flow. In the non-Newtonian carrier, however, local values of the viscosity vary with the shear strain and so affect the particle diffusivity. The paper discusses experimental and analytical results for non-Newtonian mixture flows of measured rheological parameters and flow characteristics. Based on measured concentration profiles, a suitable method is used to determine the local particle diffusivity experimentally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".