Structure and Assembly of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Capsules
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The capsule is a cell surface structure composed of long-chain polysaccharides that envelops many isolates of Escherichia coli. It protects the cell against host defenses or physical environmental stresses, such as desiccation. The component capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are major surface antigens in E. coli. They are named K antigens (after the German word Kapsel). Due to variations in CPS structures, more than 80 serologically unique K antigens exist in E. coli. Despite the hypervariability in CPS structures, only two capsule-assembly strategies exist in E. coli. These have led to the assignment of group 1 and group 2 capsules, and many of the key elements of the corresponding assembly pathways have been resolved. Structural features, as well as genetic and regulatory variations, give rise to additional groups 3 and 4. These employ the same biosynthesis processes described in groups 2 and 1, respectively. Each isolate possesses a distinctive set of cytosolic and inner-membrane enzymes, which generate a precise CPS structure, defining a given K serotype. Once synthesized, a multiprotein complex is needed to translocate the nascent CPS across the Gram-negative cell envelope to the outer surface of the outer membrane, where the capsule structure is assembled. While the translocation machineries for group 1 and group 2 CPSs are fundamentally different from one another, they possess no specificity for a given CPS structure. Each is conserved in all isolates producing capsules belonging to a particular group.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it