Shifts due to distant neighboring resonances for laser measurements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.16em"/><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mspace width="-0.16em"/><mml:msub><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>-to-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.16em"/><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mspace width="-0.16em"/><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>J</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>transitions of helium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantum-mechanical interference between transitions from the metastable $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{1}{m}_{J}=0$ state to $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{1}{m}_{J}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and to $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}{m}_{J}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ is shown to cause shifts in these resonances, despite the fact that the resonances are separated by more than 1000 natural widths. The $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{1}$-to-$2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}$ fine-structure interval can be determined from the difference of these laser transitions, and a comparison between experiment and theory for this interval allows for precise tests of the quantum-electrodynamic (QED) theory used to calculate the interval. The shifts described here are large enough to be important for this test of QED and therefore to affect the continuing program of determining the fine-structure constant from comparison between accurate experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of the helium $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}P$ energy intervals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.086 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".