Distal charismatic leadership and follower effects: An examination of Conger and Kanungo’s conceptualization of charisma in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conger and Kanungo’s conceptualization of charismatic leadership has received extensive investigation in Western nations and has helped us understand the nature of leadership, especially during times of uncertainty. The present study assessed whether this conceptualization of charismatic leadership is generalizable to top-level organizational leadership in Chinese society, where culture is tremendously different from Western society. Data were collected from two independent samples with full-time employees from Chinese society. Results show that although the factor structure of charismatic leadership is replicated, some behaviors are not attributed as charismatic and are less effective in the Chinese context. Results also demonstrate that charismatic leadership is positively related to followers’ job performance and job satisfaction, and such positive relations are partially mediated by followers’ identification with the leader and the organization. The implications for utilizing Conger and Kanungo’s conceptualization of charisma to investigate top-level organizational leadership in Chinese society are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".