Lung Volume Change After Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis With Thoracolumbar Kyphosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. A retrospective clinical study. Objective. To investigate the lung volume (LV) change in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with thoracolumbar kyphosis after the pedicle subtraction osteotomy procedure. Summary of Background Data. Thoracolumbar kyphosis with respiratory impairment is the consequence of most untreated AS patients. Restrictive pulmonary function is prevalent in these patients. The ideal evidence for restrictive pulmonary function impairment is to investigate the LV. A computed tomography (CT)-based method can help to obtain accurate LV change during the osteotomy. Method. Twenty-eight patients with AS with thoracolumbar kyphosis were included. All of these patients underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy to correct their sagittal deformity. Pre- and postoperative full-length radiographs and CT scans were reviewed. The sagittal correction of the spine was measured. CT scans were used to estimate the pre- and postoperative LV with software. The relationship between the sagittal correction and the LV change was investigated. All the patients were followed up for 2 years at least. Results. The pedicle subtraction osteotomy procedure was performed safely on each patient without serious complications. The average preoperative T1–S1 Cobb was 67.7° (42° ∼ 88°) and the postoperative was 7.6° (−11° ∼ 21°). T1–S1 Cobb change was 60.0° in average (P < 0.05). The LV increased by 396 mL in average. Significant correlation was found between the percentage of LV change and T1–S1 Cobb change (r = 0.7219, P < 0.05). The location we selected for pedicle subtraction osteotomy varied from T12 to L3. No relationship was found between the osteotomy location and the LV change. Conclusion. The pedicle subtraction osteotomy effectively corrected the sagittal deformity of patients with AS. LV increased significantly after the osteotomy. Level of Evidence: 4 Twenty-eight patients with ankylosing spondylitis with thoracolumbar kyphosis were researched to investigate the lung volume change in the pedicle subtraction osteotomy. The osteotomy was done at the apical region of the kyphosis. The location varied from T12 to L3. A computed tomography–based method had been used to obtain accurate lung volume before and after operation. The lung volume increased greatly, which correlated with the sagittal spine correction significantly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".