Innovative Ice Protection for Shallow Water Drilling: Part III — Finite Element Modelling of Ice Rubble Accumulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concept of the Shoulder Ice Barrier (SIB) has previously been presented in a companion paper under the same title at OMAE 2006 (Gu¨rtner et al., 2006), whereas ice model tests of the SIB are presented in an accompanying paper at this year’s OMAE (Gu¨rtner and Gudmestad, 2008). The present paper investigates a computational model for simulating ice-SIB interactions. This involves the simulation of rubble accumulations and accordingly the exerted ice forces. The computational model is developed within the framework of finite elements. Characteristic fracture of ice is handled by introducing the Cohesive Zone Approach (CZA), wherein cohesive elements are placed in-between the finite element grid of the ice. Fracture may thereby occur along element boundaries with due regard to fracture properties such as traction and separation. Fracture and plastic deformation of the ice are hence co-existing, though competing, mechanisms, while accounting for the dynamics of the ice mass. We compare the computational results with the ones obtained during the model testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".