Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pinus banksiana Lambert (Pinaceae) is a boreal conifer species, with a sparse, variable crown and spreading branches at maturity. The species is widely available in Canada, and an important timber species for pulp and lumber [1]. In this work, the chemical composition, such as ash, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents, of the P. banksiana wood chips from Eastern Canada, was determined. In addition to timber and pulp, P. banksiana wood may be a rich source of unexploited potentially novel bioactive compounds. A previous study showed that P. banksiana wood extracts possessed strong antioxidant and anti-tumor activities [2]. In this work, the chemical constituents of the extractives from P. banksiana wood were further investigated. The GC-MS results of essential oils from P. banksiana wood showed that there were 76 volatile compounds presented, including phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Among those determined, 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid was the most abundant (29.06%). Based on the successive Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic separation of P. banksiana wood aided by Thin Layer Chromatography, 5 yellowish low-molecular-weight natural compounds, including 2 flavan-3-ols [(+)-Catechin (I) and (-)-Epicatechin (II)], a phenolic acid [Caffeic acid (III)], a phenylpropanoid [Isoconiferin (IV)] as well as a lignan [Cedrusin (V)], were isolated. Structure elucidation of the isolates was based on their physiochemical and spectroscopic data. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time of isolation low-molecular-weight natural compounds from P. banksiana wood. The results in the study might lead to the further development of high value-added products from this pine species. Acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31000279), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET 2010) and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (No. 09JCYBJC15800). References: 1. Poncsak S et al. (2009)J Wood Chem Technol 29: 251–264. 2. Phelan M et al. (2009)J Med Food 12: 1245–1251.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".