Natural Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition in the Presence of Kinetic Inhibitors. 2. Stirred Reactor Experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A newly fabricated, stirred reactor was used to investigate hydrate inhibition and decomposition in the presence of two commercial, chemical kinetic inhibitors, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and H1W85281, as well as two antifreeze proteins (AFPs), type I and type III. The longest induction times and the slowest growth rates were observed with HIW8581, with the fastest growth recorded for PVP. Type I AFP (AFP-I) was a more effective inhibitor, with respect to induction time and growth, than either PVP or type III AFP (AFP-III). Complete hydrate decomposition occurred earlier in the presence of any of the inhibitors compared to water controls. However, depending on the type of inhibitor present during crystallization, hydrate decomposition profiles were distinct, with a longer, two-stage decomposition profile in the presence of the chemical kinetic inhibitors (PVP and H1W85281). The fastest, single-stage decompositions were characteristic of hydrates in experiments with either of the AFPs. These results argue that thought must be given to inhibitor-mediated decomposition kinetics in screens and designs of potential kinetic inhibitors. This is a necessary, practical consideration for industry in cases when, because of long shut in periods, hydrate formation may be unavoidable, even when inhibitors are utilized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".