Nonradiative Recombination Mechanism in Phosphor-Free GaN-Based Nanowire White Light Emitting Diodes and the effect of Ammonium Sulfide Surface Passivation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on a detailed investigation of nonradiative recombination processes in InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire white light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It is observed that, for such nanowire LEDs, the peak quantum efficiency occurs at relatively high injection current levels of >100 A/cm2, compared to those of conventional InGaN/GaN quantum well blue LEDs. Through detailed simulation studies, it is concluded that, Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative recombination, due to the presence of surface states and defects, plays a dominant role on the nanowire LED performance. We have further shown that such nonradiative recombination can be greatly reduced when the nanowire LEDs are treated by ammonium sulfide solution ((NH4)2Sx, 40-48% concentration), which can lead to a much faster increasing trend of quantum efficiency vs. injection current, compared to the unpassivated devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".