Dithiol-PEG-PDLLA Micelles: Preparation and Evaluation as Potential Topical Ocular Delivery Vehicle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thiol-modified nanoparticles have potential applications in mucoadhesive drug delivery and have been examined in this regard for topical ocular delivery. In this paper we provide a simple method for the synthesis of a dithiol terminated amphiphilic diblock copolymer. Bidentate dithiol-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) (SH2-PEG-PDLLA) was synthesized and micelles with dithiol-containing coronas were prepared from this block copolymer via the emulsion method. In vitro release studies indicated that the presence of the thiol groups at the surface did not affect the rate of release of dexamethasone, used as a representative ocular drug. The micelles also showed low cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and murine fibroblast cells (3T3 cells). A hydrophobic red fluorophore, Nile red, was loaded into the core of micelles and confocal microscopy was used to study HCEC uptake and retention of the micelles. The micelles were rapidly endocytosed by the HCEC, with intracellular micelle levels remaining unchanged with incubation times from 5 to 120 min. Interestingly, Nile red was eliminated significantly more slowly from HCECs treated with the thiolated micelles. These results suggest that these dithiolated micelles may be effective for topical ocular drug delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".