Three-Dimensional Structural Topology Optimization of an Aircraft Wing Using Level Set Methods
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A three-dimensional structural topology optimization framework is applied to the problem of aircraft wing design. The approach presented is unique in that the working domain of the design problem is given by the full three-dimensional region inside the wing skin, with no assumptions being made with regard to the number, location or orientation of the structural members. The wing is modelled as an elongated cantilever beam with a taper ratio of 0.7 in both chord and thickness. Distributed, pressure-type loading is applied to the top and bottom surfaces. The optimization is performed using a level set method, with advection velocities given by classical shape sensitivity information along the material boundary. We also devise a method for enforcing local stress constraints that accounts for the void regions associated with topology optimization problems and is consistent with the level set approach used.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it