Detection of small intestinal IgA+TNFα+iNOS+ CELLS by Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IF)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The largest mucosal surface in the body is in the gastrointestinal \(GI) tract, a location that is heavily colonized by normally harmless microbes.A key mechanism required for maintaining a homeostatic balance between this microbial burden and the lymphocytes that densely populate the GI tract is the production and trans-epithelial transport of poly-reactive IgA1.Within the mucosal tissues, B cells respond to cytokines, sometimes in the absence of T cell help, undergo class switch recombination \ (CSR) of their Immunoglobulin \(Ig) receptors to IgA, and differentiate to become plasma cells \(PC)2.However, IgA-secreting PC likely have additional attributes that are needed for coping with the tremendous bacterial load in the GI tract.We report that IgA+ PC also can produce the anti-microbial mediators TNFα and iNOS, which appear to arise in the unique environment of the gut, and may be critical to mount effective responses to microbial assault.Here we described a detailed method to characterize and quantify IgA+iNOS+TNFα+ cells that we called TNFα-iNOS-producing \(Tip)-PC in the lamina propria of mice by immunohistochemistry \(IHC).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".