Ethanol Dehydration in a Fixed Bed Using Canola Meal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ethanol dehydration was investigated in a fixed-bed packed with canola meal biosorbent. Breakthrough curves were used to investigate the effects of feed flow rate, column temperature, and ethanol feed concentration on water and ethanol adsorption capacity. Experimental results demonstrated that fuel grade ethanol (over 99 wt %) was achieved through water adsorption in the fixed bed with ethanol feed concentrations of 75 wt %, and 92 wt %, respectively, at a feed flow rate of 2.9 mL/min and column temperature of 85 °C. Both water and ethanol were adsorbed on canola meal. Water adsorption isotherm was described as type II isotherm. Peudo-equilibrium ethanol adsorption isotherm was also discussed in this work. Water selectivity over ethanol was higher at the breakthrough point defined at 99 wt % ethanol than that at water adsorption equilibrium. Separation factor can be optimized through controlling feed flow rate, ethanol feed concentration, and column temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".