Voltage-gated sodium channels and visceral pain
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In conclusion the TTX-resistant sodium current, especially that produced by the NaV1.8 subunit, appears to be a strong candidate for a molecular substrate underlying sensitization of visceral afferent nociceptive neurons. The visceral anti-nociceptive effects of agents that block sodium currents confirm an important role for these channels in visceral sensation. Intravenous lidocaine, a use-dependent sodium channel blocker, is effective in inhibiting both pseudoaffective reflex responses and spinal neuronal discharges to noxious distension of the colon [32]. Likewise, the sodium channel blockers mexiletine and carbamazepine dose-dependently inhibit the responses of nociceptive colonic afferent fibres to colorectal distension [33]. There have been very few clinical reports of the effects of sodium channel blockers on visceral pain [32, 34] although one report describes that systemic local anaesthetics were effective in relieving pain from the spleen [35]. However, indirect evidence comes from the observation that tricyclic antidepressant drugs like amitriptyline are regularly prescribed for functional visceral pain. Although these compounds likely exert their antidepressant effects by blocking the re-uptake of monoamines, many are also potent sodium channel blockers, and this feature may contribute to their effectiveness in some visceral pain patients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it