Metasomatic tourmaline in hybrid contact-bands between gneiss and peridotite in the Ulten zone of the Eastern Italian Alps: chemistry and boron isotopic composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultramafic rocks in the Ulten Zone (UZ) high-pressure mélange, in the Eastern Italian Alps, embedded in crustal gneisses, preserve a series of metasomatic hybrid bands generated by infiltration of aqueous fluids. These hybrid bands at the peridotite–gneiss contact comprise phlogopite and anthophyllite with accessory zircon, apatite and allanite. Here, we report the rare occurrence of centimeter-sized crystals of metasomatic tourmaline in two different UZ outcrops, at Mt. Hochwart and Malga Preghena. Tourmaline has a dravite–uvite-rich composition and shows optical and chemical zoning, with slightly variable Ti, Ca and Fe contents. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses provide information on the intragrain B-isotopic zonation of the grains, which is correlated with optical and chemical zoning. The range in d11B is from –7.4 to +0.3‰ for the Mt. Hochwart tourmaline, generally with an isotopically lighter core and heavier rim. The d11B range for Malga Preghena tourmaline is from +1.2‰ in the core to –3.9‰ in the rim. Variable proportions of fluids derived from both the local crustal gneisses and a subducting slab control the B-isotope composition in the metasomatic tourmaline from the UZ. Fluid mixing in hybrid crustal–ultramafic bands can be monitored by metasomatic tourmaline, which may also have a significant impact on the B isotope budget of the subducted slab and the slab–mantle interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".