PAOLA LANARO, editor. At the Centre of the Old World: Trade and Manufacturing in Venice and the Venetian Mainland, 1400-1800. (Essays and Studies, number 9.) Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. 2006. Pp. 412
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Venice's economic importance has traditionally been attributed to its prominent role in international maritime trade. Likewise, what has widely been interpreted as its economic decline from the seventeenth century onward has been considered as a consequence of the loss of its role as a main commercial intermediary between East and West. The present collection of essays reflects a recent tendency among some Italian historians to abandon this interpretive model as far as the early modern period is concerned. By integrating research on the industrial production in the city of Venice with studies on manufacturing activities in the Venetian mainland, the relative importance of maritime trade is reduced and even the very concept of decline is put into doubt. Editor Paola Lanaro and the other nine contributors to this volume consider all Venetian territories in northern Italy as an economic system, composed of autonomous but interrelated networks, and characterized by a great variety of activities in manufactories, agriculture, trade, and finance, with an impressive competitive capacity and openness to new technologies and alternative modes of business management. Emphasis is laid on manufactories and internal trade, and, for the last two centuries covered by this collection, on the dynamics of change and adaptation in a chronological phase that has hitherto received little attention by economic historians of the Venetian Republic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".