Board Invited Review: Management and feeding strategies to ameliorate the impact of removing antibiotic growth promoters from diets fed to weanling pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A review of the literature was conducted with the objective of identifying management and feeding strategies for weanling pigs that are effective in reducing the negative impacts of discontinued use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in diets fed to weanling pigs. If no AGP are used, dietary crude protein concentrations should be reduced to less than 18% in diets fed to pigs during the immediate post-weaning period. Diets should be fed in a liquid form if possible, preferably as fermented liquid feed. Feed intake should be restricted to 75% of ad libitum intake during the initial 2 wk post-weaning to reduce the amount of substrates available to pathogens in the hind gut. The profit from pig production will be maximized if pigs are weaned between 21 and 28 d of age. All-in all-out production should be practiced and pigs should always be weaned into an empty, clean, and disinfected room, preferably at a location separated from the sow farm. Disease pressure and mortality do not necessarily have to increase if no AGP are used, but profits will likely be reduced because costs of preventing diseases in pigs fed diets containing no AGP often are greater than the cost of AGP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".