Kinetics of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Heavy Gas Oil Derived from Canadian Synthetic Crude Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The catalytic pyrolysis of heavy gas oil derived from Canadian synthetic crude oil on zeolite catalyst was conducted in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The optimal reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity, steam-to-oil weight ratio, and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio were 660 °C, 9.5 h –1, 0.6, and 20, respectively. The yield of total light olefins was 36.4 wt % under these optimal conditions. The overall reactants and products were classified into seven species, and a seven-lump kinetic model with 15 rate constants and a catalyst deactivation constant was proposed. Kinetic constants at 620, 640, 660, and 680 °C were estimated by a nonlinear least-squares regression method. Preexponential factors and apparent activation energies were then calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. The feed lump had larger rate constants and smaller apparent activation energies than did the intermediate product lumps. The seven-lump kinetic model showed high calculation precision and the predicted yields agreed well with the experimental values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".