Chapter 22 Pacific margin, Canada shelf physiography: a complex history of glaciation, tectonism, oceanography and sea-level change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Canada's western continental shelf can be broadly divided into three geographical regions: Salish Sea, Pacific North Coast and Vancouver Island Shelf. Each region's physiography has been uniquely impacted by a history of glaciation, tectonism, oceanography and sea-level change. Retreat of the Fraser Glaciation started from the Pacific towards the mainland of British Columbia first in the north on Haida Gwaii (16 14 C ka BP) then outer Vancouver Island (14 14 C ka BP), and generally progressed east with ice persisting on the Fraser lowland and northern British Columbia mainland, and possibly the central interbasin coast, until after 10 14 C ka BP. Retreat on the Pacific North Coast was rapid, while downwasting and stagnation occurred in the Salish Sea. Sea levels responded to this deglacial history, with submergence of most of the Salish Sea by over 250 m before 12 14 C ka BP then falling to approximately 100 m where it remained until approximately 10 14 C ka BP, and emergence of the Vancouver Island Shelf with the development of a forebulge. In contrast, the Pacific North Coast crustal loading of the British Columbia mainland and development of a peripheral forebulge towards Haida Gwaii resulted in submergence of the mainland by 120 m and emergence of the western basin by more than 120 m, with regional variation throughout. Holocene sedimentation is primarily restricted to the coastal inlets and fjords, except for the southern Salish Sea off the Fraser River.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".