Selective Oligomerization of Isobutene on Lewis Acid Catalyst: Kinetic Modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of oligomerization of isobutene was studied on a NiSO 4 /γ-alumina catalyst in a stirred batch autoclave at temperatures of 50–90 °C and a pressure of 2170 kPa with different concentrations of isobutene. Experimental results revealed that the catalyst has high dimer selectivity and did not show any significant deactivation during the reaction. A generalized kinetic model based on a Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH)-type reaction sequence was developed. The intraparticle diffusion effects inside the catalyst particle were correlated to the reaction rates and mass-transfer rate between the catalyst particle and liquid phase. The developed intrinsic kinetic model with estimated model parameters was found to describe the experimental data accurately. The magnitude of the activation energies was found to be in the range of 13–27 kJ mol –1, which suggests that the oligomerization reaction proceeds via surface rearrangement, as considered in the present LH-type kinetic model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".