Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prefacing this review of John Klier’s posthumously published work, I would like to share some reminiscent impressions of John as a budding young scholar and eminently likeable person. The time and place is Leningrad 1977–8. Privileged to study in Brezhnev’s Russia, we belonged to that cohort of foreign students and junior faculty housed in Obshchezhitie, no. 2 on Vasilievskii Ostrov. John stood out for his sociability, cheerfulness, and indomitable humour, regardless of co-resident cockroaches and obscurant Soviet officialdom. Undeterred by the latter in his quest to research Imperial Russia’s ‘Jewish Question’, he circumvented the Soviet taboo surrounding this subject in order to gain access to the rich collection of nineteenth-century periodicals at the Saltykov Public Library. It was then, and during his subsequent stay in 1980–81, that he laid the foundation for his ground-breaking studies: Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772–1825 (1986), Imperial Russia’s Jewish Question, 1855–1881 (1995) and, edited jointly with Shlomo Lambroza, Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History (1992).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".