Dimerization of Ethylene by Nickel Phosphino–Borate Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trifluoroborate-functionalized phosphine ligands react with a variety of nickel(II) precursors to cleanly yield a number of κ 2 (P,F)-bound nickel complexes, which were characterized crystallographically. In comparison to related palladium complexes, ancillary ligands in the nickel complexes were observed to be generally more weakly bound, and the trifluoroborate ligands were more easily displaced by coordinating solvents that did not cause a similar displacement in a related palladium system. Such weaker ligand coordination resulted in a much faster dimerization of ethylene. Experiments conducted under constant ethylene pressure saw the suppression of the isomerization of 1-butene observed in related palladium complexes; higher oligomers were also generated under such conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.136 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".