Protective Effects of Flavonoids Contained in the Red Vine Leaf on Venular Endothelium against the Attack of Activated Blood Components in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New methods are described that allow the selective isolation of venular endothelial cells and their cultivation on porous filters to confluent monolayers. These filters with the attached endothelial cell layer can be mounted in a specially adapted apparatus allowing not only blood filtration studies, but now also the continuous registration of hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of tissue layers. This preparation responds dramatically to certain release products from simultaneously activated blood platelets and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) with a rise in Lp that, in situ, would lead rapidly to local oedema, arteriolar constriction and venular thrombosis. Selectively activated PMN alone induced only a modest increase in endothelial Lp that could be prevented by uric acid, an antioxidant. ASA prevented the activation of the blood cells, but not the effect of the release products per se, implying that the release products are probably eicosanoids. A standardized extract from red vine leaves (AS 195, active ingredient of Antistax Venenkapseln), containing in particular the flavonoids quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide and isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside), not only prevented the deleterious effect of the release products on the venular endothelial monolayers but, applied promptly to an endothelium damaged by prior exposure to these release products, resulted in the repair of the endothelium. These findings identify for the first time the venular endothelium as a possible important therapeutic target in certain vascular diseases, chronic venous insufficiency being perhaps the most prominent example.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".