Spray and freeze drying of human milk on the retention of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several freeze-drying and spray-drying methods were investigated in relation to the retention of immunoglobulins (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM. Spray drying produced human milk powders with 2% humidity and a good retention of IgG (>88%) and IgM (∼70%). However, only 38% of IgA remained after spray drying. For freeze drying, only the highest heating plate temperature used in this study (40°C) brought IgA content down to 55% in powder with 1.75% residual humidity, whereas milk samples undergoing lower temperatures had higher preservation rates (75% for IgA and 80% for IgG and IgM) and higher residual moisture contents. From these results, it can be concluded that IgA is the most sensitive Ig lost during drying processing of human milk. The best method to generate human milk powders without a significant loss of Ig was thus freeze drying at 30°C heating plate temperature, which accelerated the process compared to lower processing temperatures, but still had good overall Ig retention.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it