Seismic anisotropy measurements and theoretical model of fractured rock using multi‐depth multi‐azimuth walk‐away VSP from Outokumpu, Finland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high resolution multi-azimuth multi-depth walk-away VSP is used to measure velocity anisotropy in the Outokumpu area of the Fennoscandian shield. The 2.5 km deep borehole used for the survey shows the area lithology to be primarily mica-rich schist, and the area is expected to demonstrate anisotropy as a result of lattice-preferred orientation of biotite and of aligned fractures. Through the application of a ι -p transform to the walk-away VSP data set, qP- and qS-wave phase velocities are calculated. A three dimensional velocity model is developed using the phase velocity measurements from the shallowest walkaway VSP where the receiver was at a depth of 1000 m. These velocities are modeled under the assumption that the schist can be represented as a fractured orthorhombic media. A good fit is achieved between the model and experimental results, and the accuracy of the theoretical model is further investigated through comparison with known geology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".