Changes in the Muscle Tension of Erector Spinae after the Application of the McKenzie Method in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Validation of the effect of the McKenzie method in patients with lumbar spine discopathy. Our aim was to objectively record derangement, according to McKenzie, by monitoring the centralization phenomenon, the sensory and affective dimensions of pain, reduction in the level of disability, and reduction of tension in the erector spinae muscle by means of surface EMG during static activities, in patients with chronic low back pain. The tension of the erector spinae muscle was also measured in healthy individuals in order to compare this to the changes observed in patients with chronic low back pain. Sample: The research sample consisted of 31 patients with MRI diagnosed discopathy. The intervention group (Group 1) was treated with the McKenzie method alongside general physiotherapy. The control group consisted of healthy individuals (n=24) who didn’t receive any therapeutic intervention. Methods: The McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to measure the intensity and type of pain. The Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) was used to measure the degree of disability. The Schuhfried Biofeedback 2000 x-pert 2 channel surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the tension of the erector spinae muscle, paravertebrally at the L4 level. The centralization phenomenon was evaluated by means of 4-degree scale. Results: The tension of erector spinae during static activities was found to be significantly lower (p<0.01) in healthy individuals, compared to those in the intervention group prior to treatment. One week after treatment, centralization phenomenon was recorded in 50% of patients, and after 1 month it was recorded in 100% of patients. After 3 months 70% of patients were without pain. One month after the treatment a significant reduction in disability was recorded (p<0.01), and there was a significant reduction in the tension of erector spinae in prone position (p<0.05). Three months after the treatment there was a significant reduction of pain perception (p<0.01), however the significant reduction in disability was not maintained. No significant differences were found in the tone of erector spinae in the intervention group compared to healthy individuals, in prone position. In standing, the erector spinae muscle tension in healthy subjects was consistently significantly higher. Conclusion: An objective reduction of derangement was identified after 1 month and 3 months post treatment. This is based on the centralization phenomenon that occurred, as well as the reduction in the sensory and affective dimensions of pain, degree of disability and tone of erector spinae during static activities. Centralization leads to a continuous reduction in muscle tension. Dysfunction is an intermittent increase of muscle tone, and increases when the muscle is loaded e. g. in standing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".