Functionalized Metal Oxides for PEMFC Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the surface functionalization of ZrO2 nanoparticles was developed to obtain ceramic materials with improved proton conductivity to be used as fillers in proton conducting membranes for fuel cell applications. The procedure consisted in condensation of the oxide surface hydroxyl groups with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxy silane, followed by oxidation of the thiol group into sulfonic acid. The morphology, chemical structure and composition of the functionalized oxide were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermal analysis demonstrated the good thermal and hydrothermal stability of this new material. The proton transport features of the oxide were investigated by measuring ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity (σ), demonstrating that the surface functionalization procedure enhanced the proton transport feature of zirconium oxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".