Functionalized Metal Oxides for PEMFC Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the surface functionalization of ZrO2 nanoparticles was developed to obtain ceramic materials with improved proton conductivity to be used as fillers in proton conducting membranes for fuel cell applications. The procedure consisted in condensation of the oxide surface hydroxyl groups with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxy silane, followed by oxidation of the thiol group into sulfonic acid. The morphology, chemical structure and composition of the functionalized oxide were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermal analysis demonstrated the good thermal and hydrothermal stability of this new material. The proton transport features of the oxide were investigated by measuring ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity (σ), demonstrating that the surface functionalization procedure enhanced the proton transport feature of zirconium oxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".