An Assessment of Gold Recovery Processes Using Cross-Linked Paper Gel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel type of adsorption gel was prepared from filter paper by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid to investigate the efficient adsorption of Au(III) from aqueous acidic chloride media. Various parameters have been examined for the recovery of gold such as effects of hydrochloric acid concentrations, contact time, initial Au(III) concentrations, and temperature. The adsorption of gold was fitted with the Langmuir type adsorption model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of gold was evaluated as 5.05 mmol·g –1 . The kinetics of gold adsorption was interpreted in terms of the pseudofirst-order kinetic model, and the activation energy was evaluated as 61.3 kJ·mol –1 . The gold adsorbed by the paper gel was measured by means of X-ray diffraction spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an optical microscope. The inferred mechanism for the adsorption of Au(III), followed by its reduction to elemental gold, was proposed based on the observation of infrared spectroscopic analysis. It was inferred that Au(III) was adsorbed by the coordination to oxygen atom of C–O–C linkage formed after the cross-linking with concentrated sulfuric acid, as well as the oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups of pyranose rings of paper cellulose. The adsorbed gold can easily be recovered by the incineration method at elevated temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".