Obliquely propagating dust–ion acoustic solitary waves and their multidimensional instabilities in magnetized dusty plasmas with bi-maxwellian electrons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nonlinear propagation of dust–ion acoustic (DIA) waves in an obliquely propagating magnetized dusty plasma, consisting of bi-maxwellian electrons (namely lower and higher temperature maxwellian electrons), negatively charged immobile dust grains, and inertial ions is rigorously investigated by deriving the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. Later, the multidimensional instability of the DIA solitary waves (DIASWs) is analyzed using the small-k perturbation technique. It is investigated that the nature of the DIASWs, the instability criterion, and the growth rate of the perturbation mode are significantly modified by the external magnetic field and the propagation directions of both the nonlinear waves and their perturbation modes. The implications of the results obtained from this investigation in space and laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".