Anisotropic Lattice Expansion of Structure H Clathrate Hydrates Induced by Help Guest: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structure H (sH) clathrate hydrates of neo-hexane with argon, krypton, and methane help gases are synthesized to study the effect of the help gas on the crystal lattice structure. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements on these hydrates were performed for temperatures in the range of 93–183 K, and the a -axis and c -axis lattice constants and the small and medium sH cage occupancies were determined. The PXRD results show that the a -axis lattice constants of the three clathrate hydrates are close in magnitude, but at each temperature, for the c -axis lattice constants c (CH 4 ) > c (Kr) > c (Ar). Parrinello–Rahman molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the three sH clathrate hydrate phases. The PXRD observed trends in the a -axis and c -axis lattice constants at different temperatures were reproduced by the simulations. The dynamics of the small cage guests are characterized by the velocity autocorrelation functions. The experiments and computations show the complex interplay of the molecular size and interaction energies in determining the lattice structure and stability of even relatively simple clathrate hydrates of nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".