Napoleon's Troublesome Americans: Franco-American Relations, 1804-1815
Bibliographic record
Abstract
If Americans troubled Napoleon Bonaparte, he doubly troubled them, as Peter P. Hill shows in this persuasive account of Franco-American relations between 1804 and 1815. Hill emphasizes Napoleon, but his narrative and analysis straddle the Atlantic Ocean during the wars of this age to show how the relationship unfolded. Americans could not escape this context, so their rhetoric about freedom of the seas and the rights of neutrals voiced impossible dreams that could not affect their tormentors. Hill divides his time among the presidents, the emperor, and their diplomats. If Louis Sérurier, French minister to the United States, was cynical, Joel Barlow, the American minister to France, was ebullience and optimism personified, pursuing even rumors of an agreement, even though Napoleon offered little but subterfuge. Barlow even chased his hopes across Europe to die of pneumonia in Poland while Napoleon, faced with political ruin after disaster in Russia, ignored him and bolted for Paris.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".