High Resolution Seismic Reflection Survey For Groundwater Contaminant Studies, C.F.B. Borden, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high resolution CMP P-wave reflection seismic survey was conducted over a 1 square km area of Canadian Forces Base Borden in central Ontario in order to detect and map a shallow aquitard (< 30 m depth). This impermeable clayey silt unit blocks known surface groundwater contamination from reaching permeable units at depth; structural variation of this surface is a factor in groundwater flow. Since the area of interest is in an urban setting, positioning of seismic lines was a challenging task. In addition, a low water table (~3 m depth) with dry sand on surface combined to limit both the “optimum window” and the frequency resolution. However, with borehole geophysical log control (including P-wave velocities), stacked, migrated and filtered sections were produced for five seismic lines. Reflections were observed from the upper aquitard, a lower dense till, and the top of bedrock. Topographic relief (20m+) of the upper aquitard correlated well with stratigraphic profiles obtained from continuous coring and measured groundwater flow directions obtained from observation wells. The seismic results served to confirm the subsurface hydro-geological model including the viability of the aquitard throughout the area. Such work provided additional assurance that existing contaminant management measures are adequate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".