Non-classical Signalling of Growth Hormone in the Chick Neural Retina?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) signalling is traditionally via a ‘classical’ GH-receptor (GHR) that is present in the plasma membrane of target cells. GHRs are present in the neural retina of early chick embryos (within the first trimester of incubation) but these are unlikely to be endocrine target sites of GH action, as pituitary GH is not secreted into the bloodstream until late in development (approximately day 17 of the 21 days incubation period) and because the blood–ocular barrier would block the entry of systemic GH into the retina. As GH is expressed in the early neural retina, retinal GHRs are thus likely to be autocrine or paracrine sites of GH action. The most abundant GH moieties in the neural retina are, however, unlikely to activate ‘classical’ GHRs in the neural retina, as they are submonomeric molecules (of 15 kDa and 16.5 kDa) that fail to bind to plasma membrane receptor (15 kDa GH) or lack the stoichiometric requirements likely required for GHR binding (16.5 kDa GH). Nevertheless, 15 kDa GH is biologically active in chicks and the immunoneutralisation of endogenous 16.5 kDa GH induces biological activity. It is therefore possible that GH in the neural retina of early chick embryos acts non-classically or via ‘non-classical’ GHRs. These possibilities are the focus of this brief review.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".