Formation of Chiral Nematic Films from Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Is a Two-Stage Process
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The evaporation of aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) gives iridescent chiral nematic films with reflection colors at visible wavelengths. A key problem is controlling the chiral nematic pitch, P, and hence the reflection colors of CNC films. By adding D-(+)-glucose to the suspension, we show that the change in P during evaporation occurs in two distinct stages. The first stage is the decrease in P as the concentration of CNC in the chiral nematic suspension increases due to evaporation; the addition of glucose causes a decrease in P at this stage. In a second stage, a concentration of CNC is reached where the formation of ordered gels and glasses prevents further major changes in P. The addition of glucose lowers the CNC concentration at which this occurs, leading to an increase in P and hence an overall shift to the red end of the spectrum in the final film.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it