Developmental Changes in Autonomic Nervous System Resting and Reactivity Measures in Latino Children from 6 to 60 Months of Age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: : This study describes the developmental changes and individual stability in autonomic nervous system (ANS) resting and challenge responses for a cohort of primarily Latino, low-income children during the first 5 years of life. METHODS: : ANS measures of the parasympathetic nervous system (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and sympathetic nervous system (preejection period [PEP]) were collected on a representative sample of the full cohort at 6, 12, 42, and 60 months of age (N = 378). The children participated in a standardized protocol to elicit ANS responses during resting and challenging states. Reactivity profiles were created to summarize each child's combined RSA and PEP reactivity (i.e., change in response to challenges compared to a resting state). RESULTS: : Results showed developmental changes in ANS measures from 6 to 60 months: heart rate decreased, RSA increased, PEP increased, and frequency of classic reactivity profiles of reciprocal sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal increased. Correlations showed moderate stability for resting and challenging conditions but not reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: : These findings suggest that low-income Latino children, from 6 to 60 months of age, showed ANS developmental changes and moderate individual stability for resting and challenge responses but not for reactivity. There was a significant shift in the frequency of children with the classic reactivity profile from 6 by 60 months of age. This is the first cohort study to show the developmental changes in ANS and young children's increase in their biologic sensitivity to the environment during the first 5 years of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".