Determinants of Early Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with early, extensive radiographic changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: Radiographic severity was assessed cross-sectionally in 235 patients with AS using the Bath AS Radiological Index spine score (BASRI-s). Patients with extensive radiographic changes on the lumbar portion of BASRI-s were defined as the early axial ankylosis (EAA) Group. ANCOVA and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting EAA. RESULTS: Most study patients were men (139/235, 59.0%). Mean disease duration was 12.4 ± 9.3 years. Fifteen percent of women and 34.8% of men with AS were in the EAA group. HLA-B27-positive men with AS had significantly higher BASRI-lumbar scores, while HLA-B27 had no effect on radiographic progression of axial disease in women with AS. Peripheral joint involvement was associated with slow radiographic progression. Hip involvement had no effect on axial progression but uveitis was more frequent in the male EAA group. The odds for an HLA-B27-positive male patient with AS who did not have peripheral arthritis of having a BASRI-lumbar score of 3 or higher were 3.4 (77% chance to have axially progressive disease). Presence of uveitis increased these odds to 93%. Only 15% of female patients with AS had EAA, and the absence of peripheral arthritis was the only clinical measure associated with EAA in this group. CONCLUSION: EAA was more frequent in men with AS than in women. Absence of peripheral arthritis, HLA-B27 positivity, and uveitis were associated with multiple syndesmophytes or fusion of multiple vertebrae of the lumbar vertebrae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".