Vapor–Liquid Equilibria for the ZnSO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O and MgSO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O Systems at (30, 60, 90, and 101.3) kPa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vapor–liquid equilibria (boiling points) data for the ZnSO 4 –H 2 SO 4 –H 2 O and the MgSO 4 –H 2 SO 4 –H 2 O systems were determined by the quasi-static ebulliometric method at (30, 60, 90, and 101.3) kPa. The boiling points of the ZnSO 4 –H 2 O and the ZnSO 4 –H 2 SO 4 –H 2 O systems were used to regress new chemical model parameters with the average absolute deviation of only 0.08 K. The model was verified by comparing its predictions of the solubility of zinc sulfate in water from (273.15 to 310.15) K and the activity of water in zinc sulfate solution at 298.15 K with literature data. Furthermore, the distributions of the ZnSO 4 (aq) (ZnSO 4 neutral species), Zn 2+, MgSO 4 (aq) (MgSO 4 neutral species) and Mg 2+ species were predicted. The ZnSO 4 −H 2 SO 4 −H 2 O system speciation provided a thermodynamic basis for the empirically optimized zinc sulfate concentrations currently employed in the Zn electrowinning industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".