Cross-Linking of Papers Based on Thermomechanical Pulp Fibers by Polycarboxylic Acids: Influence on the Wet Breaking Length
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of two polycarboxylic acids (PCAs), such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA), was employed to esterify handsheets prepared from thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibers. Sodium hypophosphite was used as a catalyst. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry technique was utilized to verify the ability of these PCAs to form ester functions between the fibers. The modifications of both the temperature and the mass amount of the PCA were investigated. Finally, the wet breaking length of the prefabricated and cured handsheets was measured and an improvement was observed in both cases. The raise of the mass amount increased the wet breaking length for the two cases. On the other hand, a comparison between the two PCAs was carried out. For the same mass amount, BTCA was more effective to cross-link the TMP fibers at high temperature while CA showed slightly better results at low temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".