Repair of Injury to Articular Cartilage with Chondrocyte Progenitor Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
were found in the synovial fluid of OA patients [15] and these proinflammatory cytokines promote matrix metalloproteinase gene up-regulation [16] and apoptosis [17] to name only two of the many cellular events relevant to the progression of OA. Despite these findings, only an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) [18] has been rigorously assessed in a phase II double-blinded non-controlled clinical trial of 13 patients with knee OA. In this study [19] patients received intraarticular injections of 150 mg of a recombinant form of human IL-1Ra. The results indicated a significant improvement in pain (using a visual analog scale) and in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index over a 3-month period. However, assessments relative to the extent to which IL-1Ra altered the pathology of OA remain to be fully evaluated. Recently, anti-Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) receptor monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for their capacity to reduce pain in clinical trials involving patients with advanced hip and knee OA and in patients with chronic back pain [reviewed in 20]. These NGF receptor antagonists were efficacious for reducing pain, but these agents were also associated with serious adverse effects including the development of osteonecrosis in some patients treated with anti-NGF and NSAIDs. NGF is a neurotrophin having strong regulatory activity towards peripheral nocioception. In that regard, the expression of Substance P, calcium-related peptide and serotonin are the expected targets for NGF-receptor blockade. However, it remains to be determined whether the blocking of metabolic pathways by these anti-NGF receptor monoclonal antibodies can alter the progression of OA pathology. Importantly, the number of recent studies focused on testing antiNGF receptor antagonists in OA pale by comparison with the targeted approaches employed by the biopharmaceutical industry in developing and successfully marketing for use in the clinic a multitude of biological agents designed to block the immune-mediated inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis [21,22]. In view of the relative paucity of drug development strategies
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".