Turn-Key Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation/Replacement Solution for an Effluent Force Main
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The City of West Palm Beach constructed approximately 6 miles of effluent force mains in 1974 extending from 23rd Street using 42" Pre-stressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) and from Congress Ave using 48" PCCP to the East Central Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant within the City. The force mains normally run below the prevailing water table or are subject to wetting and drying cycles and are generally now below multi-lane paved surfaces. The City had experienced failures and wanted a complete investigation into the cause and extent of any possible deterioration/distress while the force main remained in service. The City also wanted to get recommendations for a possible rehabilitation and replacement program. The Pressure Pipe Inspection Company (PPIC) led a team comprising of Jordan, Jones and Goulding (JJG), Jason Consultants and an excavation contractor to provide the City with a complete turn-key solution. This paper will discuss the methods used to determine the existing condition of the force main: Acoustic emission testing, historic H2S readings, chemical dosing records, repair/maintenance records, local soil conditions, hydraulic model runs, as well as the stress and strain in the PCCP elements. Additionally, it will cover the recommendations made to the City for a rehabilitation and replacement program, and highlight the advantages of a turn-key solution.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".