Degradation of Naphthalene in Aqueous Phase of Saturated Ottawa Sand Using Alternating and Direct Currents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) on the degradation rates of naphthalene in the aqueous phase of spiked Ottawa sand. Square wave AC at frequency and peak current density equal to 0.1 Hz and 3 mA/cm2, respectively, was used. DC was applied in a separate test at current density equal to 3 mA/cm2. The key findings of this study are: (1) both DC and square wave AC degraded naphthalene in the aqueous phase of the sand; (2) at an equivalent current density, the rate of degradation of naphthalene in the aqueous phase when sand was present was less than when only the aqueous solution were subjected to AC or DC; and (3) rate of degradation for AC was less than that for DC at an equivalent current density.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".