Two-Level Free-Form Deformation for High-Fidelity Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ag eneral and unif ied geometry framework based on non-uniform rational B-splines is presented. One key aspect of this framework is the use of free-form deformation where the control points defining the geometry itself are embedded rather than the usual surface grid points. This ensures that one maintains an analytical representation of the geometry as it deforms and, if required, also enables the use of an integrated algorithm for mesh movement. The flexibility and robustness of the proposed approach are demonstrated in the context of aerodynamic shape optimization by maximizing, using an Euler-based flow solver and gradient-based optimizer, the lift-to-drag ratio of an initially half-sphere-shaped geometry. Sensitivities are computed analytically via the discrete adjoint method.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it