Effects of chronic in-vivo treatments with protease-activated receptor 2 agonist on endothelium function and blood pressures in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short-term treatments with protease-activated receptor 2-activating peptides (PAR2-AP) induce endothelium-dependent vasodilation and decrease blood pressure. In this study, we tested the effect of chronic in-vivo treatment with PAR2-AP on the blood pressure and endothelium function of mice. Male PAR2 wild-type (WT) and par2-deficient (KO) mice received subcutaneous infusions of either saline, low (PAR2-LD), or high (PAR2-HD) doses of 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide for 1 or 2 weeks. In each treatment group, endothelium function was assessed in isolated arteries. Blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity were recorded by radiotelemetry, and levels of tumour nercrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interkeukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. The relaxation of WT aortas and mesenteric arteries induced by PAR2-AP was decreased by PAR2-LD and PAR2-HD. In mesenteric arteries, PAR2-LD and PAR2-HD decreased the relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but not by nitroprusside; in aortas, PAR2-LD and PAR2-HD caused differential decreases in the relaxations induced by acetylcholine and nitroprusside. Only PAR2-HD lowered systolic arterial pressures in WT, when compared with all of the other groups. TNF-α and IL-1β plasma concentrations were not different among the groups. We conclude that the systolic blood pressure of unrestrained mice can be lowered by chronic in-vivo activation of PAR2; however, this effect is countered by receptor desensitization and the concomitant development of endothelium and vascular dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".