Overexpression of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>VacA N-terminal fragment induces proinflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis in human monocytic cell line through activation of NF-κB
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the amino-terminal 476 residue fragment (p52) of VacA and the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for its induction of proinflammatory cytokines secretion and apoptosis. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was used as an in vitro model to study proinflammatory cytokines secretion and apoptosis induced by transfection of a recombinant plasmid encoding the amino-terminal 476 residue fragment (p52) of VacA. The results showed that VacA p52 overexpression induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species in THP-1 cells in a time-dependent manner. VacA p52 overexpression also promoted THP-1 cells apoptosis. In addition, VacA p52 triggered the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), indicating a possible mechanism for its induction of proinflammatory cytokines secretion and cell apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that the induction of cytokines secretion and apoptosis by VacA p52 in THP-1 cells could be mediated through activation of nuclear factor kappa B.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".