Comparative chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of berry and leaf essential oils of piper nigrum l.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The volatile oils from pepper berries (mature fresh green and dried black) and pepper leaves (Piper nigrum L.) were analysed by GC and GC/MS. β-Caryophyllene was the major compound in both pepper berry oils, followed by β-pinene, limonene, α-pinene and humulene. Green pepper oil contained more oxygenated compounds (22%) compared to dry pepper oil (6.3%). The main compounds of pepper leaf oil were α-bisabolol (24.3%), α-cubebene (20%), elemol (15%), bisabolene (15%) followed by α-guaiene(15%). Antimicrobial activity of the oils against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus niger, Pencillium spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was assessed by disc diffusion method. MIC was assessed by micro broth dilution method. The results showed significant activity for all the oils suggesting their use as natural antimicrobial agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".