Bibliographic record
Abstract
ALREADY-VOLATILE MARKETS FOR chemical, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical stocks were shaken further in the third quarter by the Sept. 11 attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. Overall, the Dow Jones industrial average fell 15.8% in the quarter and was down 18.0% for the first nine months, hitting a level not seen since 1998. The technology-laden NASDAQ market fell 30.6% in the quarter and 39.3% over nine months, hitting a three-year low as well. Stocks of chemical companies were battered during the quarter. The C&EN index of the share prices of 25 major chemical companies declined 15.5% from the end of the second quarter to close the third quarter at 134 (1992 = 100), just slightly better than the quarterly decline in the Dow Jones industrial average. And the chemical index was down 16.8% from its third-quarter high of 161 set on July 19. It was not just the terrorist attacks that ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".