Bibliographic record
Abstract
This qualitative study analyzed intergenerational relationships during a major transition: when the younger generation becomes parents. Using a modified version of the Retrospective Interview Technique, 25 new parents described unfolding changes in their relationships with one of the new grandparents (i.e., a parent or parent-in-law of the informant), beginning with the conversation when they announced the pregnancy. We found four trajectories of change. The analysis suggests that these four patterns both reproduce and challenge socially constructed expectations for new parenthood. Reflecting social expectations for substantial change, most participants’ pathways to new parent-grandparent relationships positioned birth as a central, pivotal event, a novel understanding of change in the research of turning points. In accordance with positive rhetoric in a pronatal society, nearly half of the new parents described a Peak trajectory, where childbirth was at or near the high point in the intergenerational relationship. The results also include Crisis (the inverse of the Peak trajectory), Chaotic, and Steady trajectories. Our findings add to current understandings of the ways in which social norms and expectations of childbirth may influence new parents’ intergenerational communication during this important transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".