Fouling Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Streams Containing Olefins and Conjugated Olefins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fouling characteristics of a coker gas oil (CGO) containing measurable amounts of olefins and conjugated olefins were investigated using a bench-scale hot liquid process simulator and a batch autoclave reactor at different temperatures. At low surface temperatures (∼200 °C), the fouling propensity of CGO is very low, and at surface temperatures between ∼250 and 325 °C, the fouling propensity is slightly higher because of polymerization of unsaturated olefins. When the surface temperature is further increased to above 350 °C, fouling is observed to increase significantly because of familiar coking reactions. Slow polymerization of olefins and conjugated olefins was observed at temperatures of 270 and 300 °C. However, at 350 °C, thermal cracking reactions that produce olefins and conjugated olefins take place and significant amounts of fouling deposits can be formed at this temperature. The fouling deposits of CGO exhibit typical polyaromatic coke structures. A better understanding of how the various mechanisms interact with temperature will improve management of fouling in process streams containing olefins and conjugated olefins.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".