Density and Viscosity of Athabasca Bitumen Samples at Temperatures Up to 200°C and Pressures Up to 10 MPa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary This paper presents the measurements of bitumen thermophysical properties (density and viscosity) over a wide range of temperatures (ambient to 200°C) and pressures (atmospheric to 14 MPa). The measurements have been conducted on three Athabasca bitumen samples taken from different locations. A new method was proposed to correlate the density data as a function of temperature and pressure, with a maximum absolute deviation of 1.7 kg/m3. The viscosity data were also correlated with two correlations available in literature considering the effect of pressure and temperature on viscosity of bitumen, with an average absolute relative deviation of 9.2%. The measured data and correlations are applicable for the prediction and optimization of oil recovery in the solvent- and thermal-based bitumen-recovery processes such as expanding- solvent steam assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) and heated vapor extraction (VAPEX).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".